Sir Isaac Newton was an English scientist and mathematician who is widely considered one of the most influential figures in the history of science. Born in 1643, Newton made important contributions to a wide variety of fields, including mathematics, physics, and astronomy.

Newton is best known for his work on the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which form the basis of classical mechanics. His book «Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica,» which was published in 1687, is considered one of the most important scientific works in history. In this book, Newton described his three laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation, which explained how objects move and the forces that act on them.

Newton also made important contributions to the field of calculus, and he developed the method of fluxions, which was an early form of calculus. In addition to his scientific work, Newton was also a skilled astronomer and made important observations and discoveries about the movements of celestial bodies. He died in 1727 at the age of 84.