Действительный залог в английском языке (The Active Voice)
В действительном залоге подлежащее обозначает исполнителя действия, лицо или предмет, выполняющие описываемое действие, а тот, на кого направлено действие, т.н. «получатель действия» в предложении является дополнением.
Большинство предложений имеют действительный залог.
Предложения действительного залога в английском языке образуются следующим образом:
исполнитель действия + I форма глагола + получатель действия
Например:
The professor teaches the students. Профессор преподает студентам.
John washes the dishes. Джон моет посуду.
В таблице приведены примеры действительного залога во всех возможных временах:
|
Действительный залог |
|
|
Present Simple |
Once a week, Tom cleans the house. |
|
Present Continuous |
Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. |
|
Past Simple |
Sam repaired the car. |
|
Past Continuous |
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. |
|
Present Perfect |
Many tourists have visited that castle. |
|
Present Perfect Continuous |
Recently, John has been doing the work. |
|
Past Perfect |
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic’s license. |
|
Past Perfect Continuous |
Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant’s fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. |
|
Future Simple |
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM. |
|
Future Simple |
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. |
|
Future Continuous |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. |
|
Future Perfect |
They will have completed the project before the deadline. |
|
Future Perfect Continuous |
The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. |
|
Used To |
Jerry used to pay the bills. |
|
Would Always |
My mother would always make the pies. |
|
Future in the Past |
I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM. |